How to Use the Italian Imperfect Subjunctive Tense

As we have discussed elsewhere in relation to the grammar of the present subjunctive mood, contrary to the indicativo, which is the verb mode of reality, the congiuntivo is the mode of wish, thought, dream, hope, possibility or impossibility, uncertainty, and wishful thinking. It is a conjugation demanded by a particular set of verbs—such as credere (to believe), pensare (to think), volere (to want or wish),  immaginare (to imagine), supporre (to suppose), temere (to fear), suggerire  (to suggest),  sperare  (to hope),  desiderare  (to wish), and  insistere  (to insist)—and particular phrasal constructions, which we will review below. What Does the Congiuntivo Imperfetto Express In the realm of the congiuntivo, if the presente congiuntivo is used to express contemporaneity of wish with an action in the present—spero che tu venga oggi (I hope that you come today)—the imperfetto congiuntivo is used to convey contemporaneity of wish with a principal action in the past or in a conditional setting: Speravo che tu venissi. I hoped that you would come.Vorrei che tu venissi con noi. I wish that you would come with us.Ti vedrei oggi se tu venissi. I would see you today if you came. The congiuntivo imperfetto is the you would come part; it is used with the principal verb—the wishing or hoping or dreading—in very specific tenses: the indicativo passato prossimo or imperfetto, or the condizionale presente. Please remember that the use of the congiuntivo in Italian does not translate always or even often to the English subjunctive, so as you pay attention to the translations, note the tenses in English as well. How to Conjugate and Use the Congiuntivo Imperfetto The congiuntivo imperfetto is a simple conjugation (not composed) made with the root of the indicativo imperfetto. You will remember it for all of its ss: -assi, -essi, -issi. Cantare Sapere Finire che io cantassi sapessi finissi che tu cantassi sapessi finissi che lui/lei/Lei cantasse sapesse finisse che noi cantassimo sapessimo finissimo che voi cantaste sapeste finiste che loro/Loro cantassero sapessero finissero Lets take a look at some sentences with cantare, sapere, and finire in the imperfetto congiuntivo using the possible tense matches. Note that, since the conjugation for the first and second person singular is identical, sometimes it behooves to use the subject pronoun for the sake of clarity. Main Verb in the Passato Prossimo With the Congiuntivo Imperfetto Ho sperato fino allultimo che tu cantassi una canzone. I hoped to the last minute that you would sing a song.Il babbo ha voluto che Luigi sapesse quanto gli voleva bene, quindi gli ha lasciato una lettera. Dad wanted Luigi to know how much he loved him, so he left him a letter.I professori hanno voluto che finissimo di studiare prima di uscire, quindi siamo rimasti. The teachers wanted us to finish studying before going out, so we stayed. Main Verb in the Imperfetto With the Congiuntivo Imperfetto Volevo che cantassi una canzone. I wanted you to sing a song.Il babbo sperava che Luigi sapesse quanto gli voleva bene. Dad hoped that Luigi knew how much he loved him.I professori volevano che finissimo di studiare prima di uscire, ma ce ne siamo andati. The teachers wanted us to finish studying before going out, but we left. Main Verb in the Condizionale Presente With the Congiuntivo Imperfetto Vorrei che tu cantassi una canzone. I wish that you would sing a song.Il babbo vorrebbe che Luigi sapesse quanto gli vuole bene, ma non glielo puà ² dire adesso. Dad would like for Luigi to know how much he loves him, but he cant tell him now.I professori vorrebbero che finissimo di studiare prima di uscire, ma non ci possono costringere. The teachers would like for us to finish studying before going out, but they cannot force us. With Se and Conditional Of course, instead of che, the conditional is often used with se. There are several ways of building a sentence with se. For example: Mangerei la torta se fosse pronta, or, Se la torta fosse pronta, la mangerei. I would eat the cake if it were ready; if the cake were ready, I would eat it. Se tu le parlassi, capirebbe. If you talked with her, she would understand.Sarei felice se tu venissi in Italia. I would be happy if you came to Italy.Se fossi in te, andrei a casa. If I were you, I would go home.Mi piacerebbe se tu mi aiutassi. I would like it if you helped me.Verrei se tu ci fossi. I would come if you were there.Se mi aiutassero completerei il lavoro. If they helped me, I would finish the work. The condizionale presente and passato are also used in constructions with the congiuntivo trapassato, or the past perfect subjunctive. Congiuntivo Imperfetto of Irregular Verbs Verbs that have an irregular imperfetto indicativo generally have an irregular imperfetto congiuntivo (but not alway: see stare below). You add the congiuntivo endings to the root, as you do in making the imperfetto indicativo. But some have their own very irregular conjugations without pattern. Here are a few: essere (to be), avere (to have), stare (to stay, live), dire (to say), and fare (to do): Essere Che io fossi Dubitavi che fossi a casa? Did you doubt I was home? Che tu fossi Io pensavo che tu fossi a scuola. I thought you were at school. Che lui/lei/Lei fosse Speravo che tu fossi contento. I hope that you were happy. Che noi fossimo Giulia pensava che noi fossimo in America. Giulia thought we were in America. Che voi foste Vorrei che voi foste felici. I wish that you were happy. Che loro/Loro fossero Le mamme vorrebbero che i figli fossero sempre felici. Moms wish for their children to always be happy. Avere Che io avessi La mamma vorrebbe che io avessi un cane da guardia. Mom wishes I had a watch dog. Che tu avessi La mamma credeva che tu avessi le chiavi. Mom thought you had the keys. Che lui/lei/Lei avesse Mi piacerebbe se il museo avesse un orario pià ¹ flessibile. I would like it if the museum had a more flexible schedule. Che noi avessimo Carla temeva che non avessimo lavoro. Carla feared that we didn't have work. Che voi aveste Pensavo che voi aveste un buon lavoro. I thought that you had a good job. Che loro/Loro avessero Vorrei che i bambini avessero pià ¹ tempo fuori dalla scuola. I wish the children had more time outside of school. Stare Che io stessi Lucio sperava che stessi a Roma fino a primavera. Lucio hoped that I would be in Rome till spring. Che tu stessi Volevo che tu stessi con me stanotte. I wanted you to stay with me tonight. Che lui/lei/Lei stesse Luisa vorrebbe che suo marito stesse a casa di pià ¹. Luisa wishes her husband would stay home more. Che noi stessimo Alla mamma piacerebbe se stessimo pià ¹ vicini. Mom would like it if we lived closer. Che voi steste Credevo che voi steste bene. I thought you were well. Che loro/Loro stessero Temevo che stessero male. I feared they were sick. Dire Che io dicessi Mi aiuterebbe se gli dicessi di cosa ho bisogno. He would help me if I told him what I need. Che tu dicessi Vorrei che tu dicessi la verità  . I wish that you would tell the truth. Che lui/lei/Lei dicesse Non mi piaceva che non mi dicesse mai la verità  . I didn't like it that he would never tell me the truth. Che noi dicessimo Vorrebbe che noi gli dicessimo la verità  . He wishes that we would tell him the truth. Che voi diceste Vi aspetterei se mi diceste a che ora arrivate. I would wait for you if you told me at what time you're arriving. Che loro/Loro dicessero Andremmo a trovarli se ci dicessero dove sono. We would go visit them if they told us where they are. Other Constructions with the Congiuntivo The imperfetto congiuntivo, like other tenses in the congiuntivo, is often used with the following constructs with che (note that the constructs, if they involve a verb, must still be in the appropriate tenses called for by the congiuntivo imperfetto): Affinchà © (in order to): Dovevamo vederci affinchà © potessimo parlare. We needed to see each other in order for us to talk. Era necessario che (it was necessary/not necessary that): Non era necessario che tu venissi qui. It was not necessary that you come here.Sarebbe necessario che veniste in questura. It would be necessary for you to come to the police station. Era probabile/improbabile che (it was likely/unlikely that): Non era probabile che piovesse oggi, ma domani sà ¬. It was not likely that it would rain today, but tomorrow, yes.Era improbabile che lui capisse. It was unlikely that he would understand. Era possibile che (it was/was not possible that): Non era possibile che portassimo il cane con noi. It was not possible for us to bring the dog. Era folle/assurdo pensare che (it was crazy/absurd to think that): Era folle pensare che ci rivedessimo. It was crazy to think that we would see each other again. Poteva darsi che (it was possible that): Poteva anche darsi che si ricordasse di portare il pane. It was possible that he would remember to bring the bread. Bastava che, bisognava che (it would have sufficed/it was necessary that): Bastava che tu glielo dicessi, ti avrebbe creduto. It would have sufficed for you to tell him; he would have believed you.Bisognava che lo sapessimo. It was necessary for us to know/we needed to know. Era certo che (it was/was not certain that): Non era certo che venisse. It was not certain that he would show up. Avevo limpressione che (I had the impression that):   Avevo limpressione che non ti piacesse il cioccolato. I was under the impression you didnt like chocolate. Sebbene/malgrado/nonostante che (though/even though/in spite of): Nonostante che non si vedessero da otto anni, ancora si amavano. Though they had not seen each other in eight years, they still loved each other. Ovunque, qualunque (wherever, whichever): Qualunque cosa il bambino facesse, lei lo rimproverava. Whatever the child did, she would scold him. And magari (if only): Magari piovesse! If only it would rain!Magari potessi andare in Italia! If only I could go to Italy!

Influence Of Influence On Society - 970 Words

People think that they have control of their lives. While this is true there are many factors that influence that control and sometimes that influence is so strong that it overcomes a person’s intentions. Society influences and effect people every day and comes in many different ways. From the constant peer pressure that teens face to how much someone’s potential income is, it is often times affected by society. In order to fix the negative effects of society, we must first understand what causes them. One important aspect of life is for an individual to get a good education and then to get a job. This is what is expected and needed from each individual in order to benefit him or herself as well as the society. The reason these two things need to be done is because each person is part of a larger picture: they are part of a society and according to the structural functionalism theory, societies work as a machine, each person needs to do their part in order for the machine to be working the most efficiently. The main reason that kids go to school can be explained by the structural function theory. In order to be a good â€Å"cog† in the machine, one needs to get a good education that is why the first 12 years of school is the law. Afterwards, almost every single person gets a job. The only reason to get a job is not only to be able to support oneself but, also because it benefits the machine: it benefits the society. This is another explanation of why people get a job; it isS how MoreRelatedInfluence Of Social Influence On Society1461 Words   |  6 PagesEverywhere you go there is someone or something that is trying to influence you. Some way or another we have influenced somebody of our words and behavior. In society, it is very hard to escape the power of influence because it doesn t take much to become engaged in what someone is trying to portray. Social influence is the action, reactions and thoughts by other people or groups in which causes you to change your behavior (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). This can be caused by peer pressure, theRead More Influences of Society Essay645 Words   |  3 Pages What Influences Society? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Society seems to influence all ages by poisoning our minds with lies and aggression. People all over try to act like different souls because of what we see on television, hear on the radio, and view in the movie theaters. Everyone try’s to dress different, act different, and change their whole life style just to be known like a certain movie star, or singer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In our society today, it is extremely important to payRead MorePolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Police Influence on Society Police Influence on Society 1 The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. This brutal treatmentRead MorePolice Influence on Society744 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great BritainRead MoreInfluence Of Advertisements On Society1530 Words   |  7 PagesAdvertisements Advertisements are considered as an art to try to persuade people that certain products can make their lives better. Advertisements have been around in the United States since 1841. Advertisements influence society on what to buy. Advertisements lures society into buy their products. The basic role of advertisements is to provide people with basic information about a product. Companies hire celebrities to be in the advertisement in order to get more consumers to appeal to the advertisementRead MoreMedia And The Influence On Society958 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Influence it has on Society Media plays a significant role in the way it can influence our culture. The media can produce positive and negative impacts on our society. It has the power to produce messages that can manipulate the way people think as well as influencing attitudes and actions taken towards the opposite sex. In the video Tough Guise: Violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity Jackson Katz discusses that the rampant of male violence that affects American society needs toRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Society1752 Words   |  8 Pages Music has always been an influence in the evolution of world civilizations and is still an important form of art and entertainment that humans find great pleasure in listening to today. There are multitudinous types and genres of music from all over the world, varying from classical, jazz, hip-hop, reggae, country, rock, and even rap. Despite these numerous amounts of genres, music can be found from all over the world residing in different parts of the wor ld, and essentially, in different culturesRead MoreThe Classrooms Influence On Society1222 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ The classrooms influence on society Society is constantly changing. There is always something more hip and in the now from new styles of hair, to fashion trends, to popular music, and the like, society is always moving forward. The same goes for education. In George Counts’ Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, Counts explains how and why education can change society. George Counts believed that a new social order was possible through education. Many like Counts, have pushed for educationRead MoreThe influence of religion in Society949 Words   |  4 Pagesthis miracle man who healed people and rose from the dead. Sounds like an important person, right? Well, besides the miraculous stories taught in Sunday school and his impact on today’s religion, Jesus actually had and still has a major influence on today’s society too. Jesus was an influential person because of his impacts on religion, culture, and history by his religious preachings and followers. Jesus was very influential in religion. When asked about who Jesus was, most Americans start onRead MoreInfluence of Paparazzi on Society2831 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Influence of Paparazzi on Our Society† If a person was to enter into any convenience store, there is almost a sure chance that he or she would encounter a multitude of magazines and newspapers lining the shelves before the checkout counter. Each magazine obnoxiously highlights this week’s big story or scandal. Turn on any television and there are almost as many entertainment news channels as there are world news channel. Is this society becoming obsessed with the lives and mishaps of famous celebrities

Agora - Supermarket Chain Superstore Retail Organizations free essay sample

Agora is a Dhaka-based supermarket chain. It is the largest retailer, both by local sales and by domestic market share, and the the largest retailer in Dhaka leaving behind PQS, Meena Bazar, Nandan Mega Shop, Pacific, Pick and Pay, Etc, Shop Save and others. Originally specialising in food, it has moved into areas such as clothes, consumer electronics, consumer financial services, selling and renting DVDs, compact discs and and consumer telecom accessories. Agora Ltd. is an enterprise that combines industry and trade, mainly engages in retailing the quality products at the most lowest price in the market.The management of Agora, was an enthusiastic advocate of trading stamps as an inducement for shoppers to patronise their stores: They signed up with all types of quakity products manufacturer, and became one of the company’s largest clients. But the management was a fan of pile it high and sell it cheap, and in the mid-2000 Agora faced many cost problems associated with not properly integrating its purchased chains of stores. We will write a custom essay sample on Agora Supermarket Chain Superstore Retail Organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the firm overstretched itself opening few more outlets throughout the city, management consultants were called in to sort out the mess. In 2001 Agora launched Operation Checkout, an across the board price cutting campaign aimed at countering the threat from the new breed of discounters such as Kwik Save. Facing the world and looking beyond, Agora will always maintain the pure-hearted, enterprising, quality and struggling spirit make efforts to scrupulously abide by our goodwill, create splendid future together with you in management vision of joint development, joint prosperity and mutual benefits! Significance of the Study: Management of Agora Management is the part and parcel of everyone life.It is not only related in the business, it also affects human life as well as social life. The length of human life is short but the length of business is so large. So, we can say that management is a very and relevant tropic right now. It’s also important for us to know about the difference between space and parts of management. We are the standard of business Studies, so if is out question that management is a very im portant topic of our syllabus. If the word comes in business then the word management comes with it. After knowing all these as a student I cannot let it go.As a part of study and also my personal intention I chose this topic. Management is a small word which starts with word manage. It dreams to gather things together. So we can easily say form its meaning it main objective in together. Employers are the owner of the firm or the representative assigned by owner. So management starts form that stage and we can say that the management born form there. This is the top level. The first design what will be the structure of the firm and how they going to operate these organization. The also decide has much the power they give to employ.All these things will work or proper management. If the owner or employer failed to make proper management stage if will ruins all the recourse of the owner which is not accepted. Employees are the servants that operate the management according to. The instruction they are given by their employees. If they have not proper management they will lose their direction and their effort or labor wouldn’t bring any good for the organization on the other hand they will failed to follow the instruction given by several superior for a single task.

Many Agree That The Cuban Missile Crisis Was The Closest The World Eve

Many agree that the Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war; but exactly how close did it come? The Crisis was ultimately a showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union from October 16 to October 28, 1962. During those thirteen stressful days, the world's two biggest superpowers stood on the brink of a nuclear catastrophe. The Crisis started as a result of both the Soviet Union's fear of losing the arms race, and Cuba's fear of US invasion. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, thought that both problems could easily be solved by placing Soviet medium range missiles in Cuba. This deployment would double the Soviet arsenal and protect Cuba from US invasion. Khrushchev proposed this idea to Cuban Premier, Fidel Castro, who, like Khrushchev, saw the strategic advantage. The two premiers worked together in secrecy throughout the late-summer and early-fall of 1962. The Soviets shipped sixty medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) along with their warheads, launch equipment, and necessary operating personnel to Cuba. When United States President, John F. Kennedy discovered the presence of these offensive weapons, he immediately organized EX-COMM, a group of his twelve most important advisors. They spent the next couple of days discussing different possible plans of action and finally decided to remove the US missiles from Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba in exchange for the removal of all offensive weapons in Cuba. On October 28, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter stating that he agreed to the terms Kennedy stated, and the crisis ended. The Cuban Missile Crisis can be blamed on the insecurity of Cuba and the Soviet Union. After the United States' unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro and end communism in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro was fearful of another US invasion. The US Armed Forces conducted a mock invasion and drafted a plan to invade Cuba to keep Castro nervous. As a result, Castro thought the US was serious, and he was desperate to find protection. This protection came in the form of sixty Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles. (Detzer 30-32, 39, 55, 68, 87) During his presidential campaign, Kennedy repeatedly stated that the US had less missiles than the Soviets, contradicting the Pentagon's claim that the opposite was true. However, during the summer of 1961, when Khrushchev constructed a wall around West Berlin, the Kennedy Administration revealed to Khrushchev that the US. did, in fact, have more missiles than the Soviet Union. What worried Khrushchev the most, though, was that the Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe, but the US missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. He worried that if the Soviet Union lost the arms race that badly, it would invite a nuclear attack from the US. Khrushchev needed a way to counter the United State's lead. (May 49) In April of 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev came up with the idea of installing medium-range missiles in Cuba. Cuba was close enough to the United States that the Soviet missiles would be an effective deterrent to a potential US attack against either the Soviet Union or Cuba. Castro accepted Khrushchev's offer, since it would protect Cuba and, therefore, solve Castro's previous dilemma. In mid-July of 1962, the Soviet Union began its buildup of offensive weapons in Cuba. The Soviets spent most of the late-summer and early-fall of 1962 ferrying launch equipment and personnel necessary for the preparation of missiles to Cuba. Since they could not use military ships (for fear of being discovered) the Soviets used civilian vessels. However, even with this caution, their actions were detected. As the US monitored the suddenly increased shipping activity to Cuba, rumors started in Washington. On August 10, John McCone, director of the CIA, sent the President a letter stating his belief that the Soviets were placing MRBMs in Cuba. On August 29, a U-2 on a reconnaissance flight over Cuba revealed the presence of SA-2 SAM (Surface-to-Air-Missile) sites. On September 4, to calm the Congress and public, Kennedy announced that there were Soviet missiles in Cuba, but that since they were defensive and not offensive, the US had nothing to worry about. Pressured by Congress, Kennedy ordered another U-2 flight over Cuba for October 9. However it was delayed until Sunday, October 14. After the pictures from the reconnaissance flight were analyzed, the National Photographic Interpretation Center found what at first were thought to be more surface-to-air missile sites. A closer look, however, showed six much larger SS-4 nuclear missiles; each 60 to 65 feet long. They now knew they

Interesting Facts About the Olympics

Interesting Facts About the Olympics Have you ever wondered about the origins and history of some of our proud Olympic traditions? Below youll find answers to a lot of these inquiries. The Official Olympic Flag Created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914, the Olympic flag contains five interconnected rings on a white background. The five rings symbolize the five significant continents and are interconnected to symbolize the friendship to be gained from these international competitions. The rings, from left to right, are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The colors were chosen because at least one of them appeared on the flag of every country in the world. The Olympic flag was first flown during the 1920 Olympic Games. The Olympic Motto In 1921, Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, borrowed a Latin phrase from his friend, Father Henri Didon, for the Olympic motto: Citius, Altius, Fortius (Swifter, Higher, Stronger). The Olympic Oath Pierre de Coubertin wrote an oath for the athletes to recite at each Olympic Games. During the opening ceremonies, one athlete recites the oath on behalf of all the athletes. The Olympic oath was first taken during the 1920 Olympic Games by Belgian fencer Victor Boin. The Olympic Oath states, In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams. The Olympic Creed Pierre de Coubertin got the idea for this phrase from a speech given by Bishop Ethelbert Talbot at a service for Olympic champions during the 1908 Olympic Games. The Olympic Creed reads: The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. The Olympic Flame The Olympic flame is a practice continued from the ancient Olympic Games. In Olympia (Greece), a flame was ignited by the sun and then kept burning until the closing of the Olympic Games. The flame first appeared in the modern Olympics at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. The flame itself represents a number of things, including purity and the endeavor for perfection. In 1936, the chairman of the organizing committee for the 1936 Olympic Games, Carl Diem, suggested what is now the modern Olympic Torch Relay. The Olympic flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes and using a curved mirror and the sun. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to runner from the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting city. The flame is then kept alight until the Games have concluded. The Olympic Torch relay represents a continuation from the ancient Olympic Games to the modern Olympics. The Olympic Hymn The Olympic Hymn, played when the Olympic Flag is raised, was composed by Spyros Samaras and the words added by Kostis Palamas. The Olympic Hymn was first played at the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens but wasnt declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1957. Real Gold Medals The last Olympic gold medals that were made entirely out of gold were awarded in 1912. The Medals The Olympic medals  are designed especially for each individual Olympic Games by the host citys organizing committee. Each medal must be at least three millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter. Also, the gold and silver Olympic medals must be made out of 92.5 percent silver, with the gold medal covered in six grams of gold. The First Opening Ceremonies The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London. Opening Ceremony Procession Order During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, the procession of athletes is always led by the Greek team, followed by all the other teams in alphabetical order (in the language of the hosting country), except for the last team which is always the team of the hosting country. A City, Not a Country When choosing locations for the Olympic Games, the IOC specifically gives the honor of holding the Games to a city rather than a country. IOC Diplomats In order to make the IOC an independent organization, the members of the IOC are not considered diplomats from their countries to the IOC, but rather are diplomats from the IOC to their respective countries. First Modern Champion James B. Connolly (United States), winner of the hop, step, and jump (the first final event in the 1896 Olympics), was the first Olympic champion of the modern Olympic Games. The First Marathon In 490 BCE, Pheidippides, a Greek soldier, ran from Marathon to Athens (about 25 miles) to inform the Athenians the outcome of the battle with invading Persians. The distance was filled with hills and other obstacles; thus Pheidippides arrived in Athens exhausted and with bleeding feet. After telling the townspeople of the Greeks success in the battle, Pheidippides fell to the ground dead. In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games, held a race of approximately the same length in commemoration of Pheidippides. The Exact Length of a MarathonDuring the first several modern Olympics, the marathon was always an approximate distance. In 1908, the British royal family requested that the marathon start at the Windsor Castle so that the royal children could witness its start. The distance from the Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium was 42,195 meters (or 26 miles and 385 yards). In 1924, this distance became the standardized length of a marathon. WomenWomen were first allowed to participate in 1900 at the second modern Olympic Games. Winter Games BegunThe winter Olympic Games were first held in 1924, beginning a tradition of holding them a few months earlier and in a different city than the summer Olympic Games. Beginning in 1994, the winter Olympic Games were held in completely different years (two years apart) than the summer Games. Cancelled GamesBecause of World War I and World War II, there were no Olympic Games in 1916, 1940, or 1944. Tennis BannedTennis was played at the Olympics until 1924, then reinstituted in 1988. Walt DisneyIn 1960, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley, California (United States). In order to bedazzle and impress the spectators, Walt Disney was head of the committee that organized the opening day ceremonies. The 1960 Winter Games Opening Ceremony was filled with high school choirs and bands, releasing of thousands of balloons, fireworks, ice statues, releasing of 2,000 white doves, and national flags dropped by parachute. Russia Not PresentThough Russia had sent a few athletes to compete in the 1908 and 1912 Olympic Games, they did not compete again until the 1952 Games. Motor BoatingMotor boating was an official sport at the 1908 Olympics. Polo, an Olympic SportPolo was played at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, and 1936. GymnasiumThe word gymnasium comes from the Greek root gymnos meaning nude; the literal meaning of gymnasium is school for naked exercise. Athletes in the ancient Olympic Games would participate in the nude. StadiumThe first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE with only one event - the stade. The stade was a unit of measurement (about 600 feet) that also became the name of the footrace because it was the distance run. Since the track for the stade (race) was a stade (length), the location of the race became the stadium. Counting OlympiadsAn Olympiad is a period of four successive years. The Olympic Games celebrate each Olympiad. For the modern Olympic Games, the first Olympiad celebration was in 1896. Every four years celebrates another Olympiad; thus, even the Games that were cancelled (1916, 1940, and 1944) count as Olympiads. The 2004 Olympic Games in Athens was called the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad.

CAD Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CAD Summary - Essay Example He did not undertake aerobic exercises and ate foods rich in cholesterol. NIH (2012) notes that the overall amount of cholesterol is higher than 240 mg/dL, less than 40 mg/dL for HDL, and more than 190 mg/dL for LDL in CAD. (Ondrus, et al. (2013) opine that CAD results from obstruction of the coronary arteries and supports the genetic and environmental factors causing the disease. Besides, Kakouros and Cokkinos (2014) add and say that smoking as my father did could hasten plaque formation, which hinders supply of oxygen to the cardiac muscles. The patient could have an electrocardiogram and ultrasound as tools for screening. On the one hand Rumberger (2011) asserts that the ultrasound detects any changes in the arterial pressure due to obstruction. We (2010) indicates that the importance of the tool is that it is non-invasive and it can be utilized in subclinical arteriosclerosis screening if the condition is advanced. On the other hand Douglas, Garcia, & Haines (2011) is utilized in aiding asymptomatic clients; hence, because my father was exposed to the causative factors, then an ultrasound screening of the carotid plaque can be conducted. Platts and Javorsky (2010) stipulates that ultrasound screening decreases the risk linked with other tools used in screening. The electrocardiograms would come in handy in the determination of the electrical levels of the heart of the patient in order to assess its function-ability that aids in assessing if there are other illnesses affecting the patient. Ondrus, T., Kanovsky, J., Novotny, T., Andrsova, I., Spinar, J., & Kala, P. (2013). Right ventricular myocardial infraction: From pathophysiology to prognosis. Exerimental and Clinical Cardiology, 18(1), 27-30. Platts, D. B., & Javorsky, G. (2010). Comparison of fluoroscopic versus real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic guidnance of endomyocardial biopses. European Journal of Echocardiography, 34(32),

Biographical essay on General William O. Darby for a Arkansas History

Biographical on General William O. Darby for a Arkansas History class - Essay Example He gradually became cadet company commander and Darby, though later was known to be one of the greatest infantrymen that the country had ever seen, graduated from West Point in June 1933 as a second lieutenant with artillery as his choice of career. From west point he later was assigned for duty in the 82nd field artillery which belonged to the 1st cavalry division and was stationed in Fort Bliss, Texas. At the time that Darby joined the division, it was the only artillery unit remaining in the army which was on horse back. After serving some time there he was promoted to the rank of captain in October of 1940 and thereafter received amphibious training. Darby was soon assigned to be the aide-de-camp to Major General Russell P. Hartle who was the commander of the thirty-fourth infantry division2. Soon the bombing by the Japanese of Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to the deployment of the division to Northern Ireland in January of 1942 and Darby was also deployed. In Northern Ireland Darby was to meet General Lucian K. Truscott, who was put in charge of acquiring volunteers from the 34th infantry and the 1st armored division for the establishment of a new unit of elite commandos. These were to be acquired from the already thin contingency of troops who were in the United Kingdom at the time which was not much to work with. Furthermore, the new unit did not have any commanding officer and through one sly maneuver on the part of the chief of staff of the division at the time, Colonel Edmond Leavey3 Darby was given the opportunity to be the new commander of the Rangers. In no time Darby was the new commanding officer of his small number of soldiers who were then dubbed as Darby’s Rangers. William Darby was then promoted to the rank of a major and after the official setting up of the United States first army ranger battalion in 1942 he was made its commanding